Design Elements Research Articles

Model authenticity in learning mathematical experimentation: how students perceive and learn from scientist and peer models

AbstractThe implementation of video modeling examples of mathematical hands-on experimentation may provide students with authentic and, at the same time, not too cognitively overwhelming experiences. However, the effectiveness of video modeling examples can be influenced by different characteristics of the observed models. On the one hand, based on the model-observer similarity hypothesis, it is likely that the observation of peers is particularly conducive to learning. On the other hand, from an authentic learning perspective, the presence of experts is considered to constitute a core design element of authentic learning settings which may foster motivational and cognitive learning outcomes. Against the background of these contradictory assumptions, the present study investigates the effects of observing models with different degrees of authenticity on students’ perceived authenticity, their situational interest, and their knowledge acquisition. We conducted an experimental study with 105 10th graders who observed either peer or scientist models performing a mathematical hands-on experiment in a video recording. As expected, the results show that students perceived the scientist models as more authentic than the peer models. Furthermore, we found neither a direct effect of condition nor an indirect effect mediated by students’ perceived authenticity of the observed models on students’ situational interest and knowledge acquisition. With this study, we contribute to the literature on the conditions and effects of authentic learning.

Gamification as a Didactic Motivator in Low-Resource Public English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Classrooms in Ecuador

The present article explores the feasibility and impacts of Gamification as a motivational tool in classrooms within low-resource public institutions in Ecuador, particularly in teaching English as a Foreign Language. By integrating game design elements into the educational process, teachers tend to enhance student motivation, thus creating a more effective environment for language learning. Traditionally, educators in Ecuadorian public institutions face challenges in engaging students in their classes, often due to outdated teaching methodologies and limited access to educational and technological resources. This study focuses on how gamification can increase student motivation and foster a more stimulating and enjoyable learning environment in low-resource settings concerning English as a Foreign Language instruction. Through the incorporation of gaming elements, teachers can improve language acquisition, student engagement, and encourage collaborative learning, as evidenced by previous studies. The utilization of a qualitative-deductive approach allowed for data collection through an extensive literature review across various educational contexts. Results suggest that Gamification offers a promising perspective for overcoming challenges in traditional education, promoting active student participation. Additionally, the findings highlight the potential of Gamification to revolutionize teaching practice and enrich the entire educational experience.

Quantification of modeling uncertainty in the Rayleigh damping model

AbstractUnderstanding and accurately characterizing energy dissipation mechanisms in civil structures during earthquakes is an important element of seismic assessment and design. The most commonly used model is attributed to Rayleigh. This paper proposes a systematic approach to quantify the uncertainty associated with Rayleigh's damping model. Bayesian calibration with embedded model error is employed to treat the coefficients of the Rayleigh model as random variables using modal damping ratios. Through a numerical example, we illustrate how this approach works and how the calibrated model can address modeling uncertainty associated with the Rayleigh damping model.

City Font Design in Destinations Branding

Letter design plays a crucial role in establishing city branding. This letter is a representation of the appearance and nature of the city. The objective of this research is to find out how to design letters from branding in several cities worldwide. This research is vital and timely, as effective city branding relies on visual design elements, including typography. This study aims to determine the number of cities that apply branding using unique letter shapes. Additionally, it also aims to see the application of city-specific fonts in branding and determine their effect on the visual strength of branding. The study employs the Contextual Design method, using the Requirements and solutions to define and Validate Concepts and Processes. The results of this study are the letter designs used in city branding in several places in the world. These findings serve as valuable references for designers and offer insights into societal perceptions. Keywords: font design, city branding, city font

A Current Design Approach for Ming Chairs

Ergonomics are key in the design and application of Ming-style chairs. However, there are presently few specific design frameworks to guide Ming-style chair design. Under this background, the present study developed a questionnaire on the ergonomic design of Ming-style chairs and assessed its validity and reliability. Fifty-two respondents involved in the design and manufacture of Ming-style chairs participated in this study. The statistics of the questionnaire were analyzed and yielded a significant reliability coefficient (α > 0.70, p < 0.01). This ergonomic design framework study of Ming-style chairs analyzed the domains of Chair Form, Aesthetics, Safety, Comfort, Ease-of-use, and Productivity. To assess the importance of various design elements, we used a five-point Likert scale to score items within each domain. This scoring system enabled us to prioritize features, allowing the designers to focus on the essential elements before beginning the design process. We found that designers and manufacturers focused primarily on the Four-headed Official Chair with Armrests form.

EDUPERES and GAMERES: A smart interactive education platform and digital gamification for basic circuit analysis

AbstractThis paper introduces Education Platform for Equivalent Resistance (EDUPERES) and Gamification of Equivalent Resistance (GAMERES), two different parts of a new computer aided education platform with interactive and imaginative design and game elements, which have been created during 4 years. In Vocational School of Transportation of Eskişehir Technical University, electrical circuit analysis is a compact course which exhaustively yet quickly covers all the DC and AC circuit concepts. During the course, it is observed that some students have difficulties in some basic capabilities such as calculation of equivalent resistance of either a standard or a compact circuit, dividing currents, and so on. More sadly, this inability spreads to the rest of the semester. This study aims to overcome this issue through a smart interactive education platform and gamification. The first part, that is, EDUPERES visualizes and animates the solutions of electrical circuits. To make the students exercise circuit questions, it provides an interface which simulates the comfort of using paper and pencil. This platform is powered by a smart algorithm to watch almost all of the actions of the students and to give prompt warnings. It allows students to transform the shapes of compact circuits during circuit reduction. The second part, that is, GAMERES imaginatively converts the circuit questions into action, competition, shooter, puzzle, and maze games. Via box plots and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon nonparametric tests, it is shown that EDUPERES and GAMERES can significantly increase students' learning. The success of EDUPERES and GAMERES is discussed with regard to previous studies and gamers' motivations.

Influence of Chatbot on Consumer Purchase Intention

This research explores the intricate relationship between chatbot interactions and consumer behaviour in online service delivery and decision-making processes. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to investigate the impact of chatbots on purchase intention. Through a comprehensive sampling strategy targeting diverse online shoppers, the research aims to provide insights into various aspects of chatbot interactions across different demographic groups and product categories. Analysis tools such as Pearson correlation coefficients and significance testing reveal nuanced relationships between variables, highlighting factors influencing consumer perceptions and behaviour regarding chatbots. Findings suggest that age plays a role in the perceived need for assistance with chatbots, emphasizing the importance of demographic considerations in understanding user experiences. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into optimizing chatbot functionalities to enhance consumer trust, satisfaction, and purchase intention, paving the way for more personalized and effective chatbot experiences in diverse cultural contexts. Keywords: Chatbots, Purchase Intention, Consumer Behavior, Online Service Delivery, Trust, Transparency, User Expectations, Cultural Considerations, Interactivity, User Control, Design Elements, Customer Satisfaction

Does logo complexity impact souvenir authenticity perception? When complex is authentic

ABSTRACT People crave authenticity in tourism. However, empirical research on the effect of logo design elements on souvenirs’ perceived authenticity has mainly been ignored in the existing literature. We fill this gap by focusing on logo complexity and examining its impact on souvenir authenticity. Across four studies (N = 1037), we demonstrate that complex logos lead to higher perceived authenticity, with the explanatory mechanism behind this being perceived oldness. The consumption type moderates this effect. We find that the impact of logo complexity is mitigated for utilitarian consumption. Our findings contribute to the literature on perceived authenticity and provide practical advice for local souvenir marketers when designing brand logos.

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION AND INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF QIANG COSTUMES

Рurpose. This paper analyzes the evolution process and cultural connotation of Qiang costume form, discusses the application form of Qiang costume elements in modern clothing design, and provides a theoretical basis for the innovative design of national costumes. Methodology. The field research method, literature analysis method, and case study method are used to analyze the evolution process, cultural connotation, and design application of Qiang costumes. Results. By studying the development process and style design changes of the Qiang costumes, it is concluded that its unique cultural connotation and design characteristics are closely related to the social characteristics, production methods and religious beliefs of the Qiang people. It is the materialized expression of the Qiang people's world outlook and national psychology. It reveals the reasons for the change of the Qiang costume modelling and proposes the method of using ethnic elements in modern costume design. Scientific novelty. This paper studies the development process of Qiang costume shape from the perspective of design, history, ethnology and anthropology, and puts forward that Qiang costume is the materialized expression form of local people 's world outlook, values and aesthetics, and clarifies that the change of Qiang costume shape is influenced by religious culture and Han-Tibetan culture. Suggestions are made in the form of integration of national costume elements with modern clothing design. Practical significance. The Qiang costume has been fused with other ethnic cultures in the course of historical changes, which is both inherited and changed, which is very inspiring to modern costume design. Digging deeper into the cultural connotation and design language of Qiang costume, so that it can innovate the design method and explore the design carrier while inheriting the national culture, so as to provide reference for the creation of a costume design that can embody both the traditional Chinese culture and the sense of the times.

Flipped Classroom Based on Blum’s Modeling and its Impact on Autonomous Learning Experienced by Mathematics Students from a University in Lima, Peru

Introduction. The flipped classroom method represents an avant-garde approach to the learning process, in which students acquire the fundamental concepts of a subject outside the traditional classroom environment. In this work, Blum's modeling was used, based on discovery learning, where students are initially faced with problems or situations that require a solution, encouraging the search for information and the application of various strategies to solve them. This combination enhances learning autonomy by offering greater opportunities for practice and feedback. Objective. The research aims to determine the impact of the flipped classroom method as a tool to promote autonomous learning. Method. A mixed methodology was used, integrating elements of quasi-experimental and phenomenological design, with an explanatory scope. Results. The study revealed a 65% effectiveness in the development of autonomous learning among students who participated in the flipped classroom implementation. In addition, participants reported an increase in motivation, ability to set goals, identification of challenges and strengths, availability of resources and an environment conducive to learning, as well as selection of effective study strategies and increased reflection on the effects of their learning. In conclusion, the findings support the usefulness of flipped classroom as a valuable tool for fostering autonomous learning in university students.   Received: 3 February 2024 / Accepted: 26 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Optimizing the Use of Natural Lighting

Lighting constitutes a crucial element in spatial design aimed at enhancing user comfort. However, the efficacy of natural lighting in buildings remains suboptimal due to prevalent preferences for artificial illumination. This study identifies instances where the utilization of natural lighting, particularly sunlight, can be optimized, focusing on the Dean building of the Faculty of Engineering Unsrat, specifically the Library room, also known as the E-Library room. The objective is to investigate the most effective timing for natural lighting usage compared to artificial lighting from lamps.

IMPLEMENTATION ON AIR-WRITING RECOGNITION SYSTEM

Air writing is a new and innovative technology that allows users to interact with digital devices and manipulate the air by writing or drawing, eliminating the need for all physical contact. This article provides a comprehensive study of the current state of research and development in the field of climate documentation. In this cutting-edge concept, we delve into its history, the motivations that drove its development, and the fundamentals of the technology. We also explore the main tools and equipment required to use the aerial recorder and discuss various applications, such as virtual reality, to improve access for people with disabilities. However, despite its potential, the adoption of writing is not without its challenges and limitations, which we examine in detail. This survey provides a comprehensive review of the latest techniques, algorithms and machine learning techniques used in weather forecasting and provides insight into the methods used to measure performance. We also consider the key elements of user experience and interaction design that are important to the success of these systems. As we look to the future, we identify possible research and development paths that take into account new technologies and changes that will change the country. Overall, this research demonstrates the importance of cloud typing in the field of human-computer interaction and its potential to usher in a new era of contactless, gesture-based interfaces that revolutionize the way we interact with digital technology. " Key Words: Air-Writing, gesture-recognition, CNN, image preprocessingoptics, photonics, light, lasers, templates, journals

Understanding the municipal-level design and adaptation of pay-for-performance schemes across two states of Brazil.

The design of complex health systems interventions, such as pay for performance (P4P), can be critical to determining such programmes' success. In P4P programmes, the design of financial incentives is crucial in shaping how these programmes work. However, the design of such schemes is usually homogenous across providers within a given scheme. Consequently, there is a limited understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of P4P design elements from the implementers' perspective. This study takes advantage of the unique context of Brazil, where municipalities adapted the federal incentive design, resulting in variations in incentive design across municipalities. The study aims to understand why municipalities in Brazil chose certain P4P design features, the associated challenges, and the local adaptations made to address problems in scheme design. This study was a multiple-case study design relying on qualitative data from twenty municipalities from two states in northeastern Brazil. We conducted two key informant interviews with municipal-level stakeholders and focus group discussions with primary care providers. We also reviewed municipal PMAQ laws in each municipality. We found substantial variation in the design choices made by municipalities regarding 'who was incentivised', the 'payment size' and 'frequency'. Design choices affected relationships within municipalities and within teams. Challenges were chiefly associated with fairness relating to 'who received the incentive', 'what is incentivised', and the 'incentive size'. Adaptations were made to improve fairness, mostly in response to pressure from the healthcare workers. The significant variation in design choices across municipalities and providers' response to them highlights the importance of considering local context in the design and implementation of P4P schemes and ensuring flexibility to accommodate local preferences and emerging needs. Attention is needed to ensure the choice of 'who is incentivised' and the 'size of incentives' are inclusive and fair, and the allocation and 'use of funds' are transparent.

Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Identifies a Conserved Protective Epitope in S. pyogenes Streptolysin O.

An important element of antibody-guided vaccine design is the use of neutralizing or opsonic monoclonal antibodies to define protective epitopes in their native three-dimensional conformation. Here, we demonstrate a multimodal mass spectrometry-based strategy for in-depth characterization of antigen-antibody complexes to enable the identification of protective epitopes using the cytolytic exotoxin Streptolysin O (SLO) from Streptococcus pyogenes as a showcase. We first discovered a monoclonal antibody with an undisclosed sequence capable of neutralizing SLO-mediated cytolysis. The amino acid sequence of both the antibody light and the heavy chain was determined using mass-spectrometry-based de novo sequencing, followed by chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry to generate distance constraints between the antibody fragment antigen-binding region and SLO. Subsequent integrative computational modeling revealed a discontinuous epitope located in domain 3 of SLO that was experimentally validated by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and reverse engineering of the targeted epitope. The results show that the antibody inhibits SLO-mediated cytolysis by binding to a discontinuous epitope in domain 3, likely preventing oligomerization and subsequent secondary structure transitions critical for pore-formation. The epitope is highly conserved across >98% of the characterized S. pyogenes isolates, making it an attractive target for antibody-based therapy and vaccine design against severe streptococcal infections.

A Preclinical Trial Protocol Using an Ovine Model to Assess Scaffold Implant Biomaterials for Repair of Critical-Sized Mandibular Defects.

The present work describes a preclinical trial (in silico, in vivo and in vitro) protocol to assess the biomechanical performance and osteogenic capability of 3D-printed polymeric scaffolds implants used to repair partial defects in a sheep mandible. The protocol spans multiple steps of the medical device development pipeline, including initial concept design of the scaffold implant, digital twin in silico finite element modeling, manufacturing of the device prototype, in vivo device implantation, and in vitro laboratory mechanical testing. First, a patient-specific one-body scaffold implant used for reconstructing a critical-sized defect along the lower border of the sheep mandible ramus was designed using on computed-tomographic (CT) imagery and computer-aided design software. Next, the biomechanical performance of the implant was predicted numerically by simulating physiological load conditions in a digital twin in silico finite element model of the sheep mandible. This allowed for possible redesigning of the implant prior to commencing in vivo experimentation. Then, two types of polymeric biomaterials were used to manufacture the mandibular scaffold implants: poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly ether ketone (PEK) printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS), respectively. Then, after being implanted for 13 weeks in vivo, the implant and surrounding bone tissue was harvested and microCT scanned to visualize and quantify neo-tissue formation in the porous space of the scaffold. Finally, the implant and local bone tissue was assessed by in vitro laboratory mechanical testing to quantify the osteointegration. The protocol consists of six component procedures: (i) scaffold design and finite element analysis to predict its biomechanical response, (ii) scaffold fabrication with FDM and SLS 3D printing, (iii) surface treatment of the scaffold with plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) techniques, (iv) ovine mandibular implantation, (v) postoperative sheep recovery, euthanasia, and harvesting of the scaffold and surrounding host bone, microCT scanning, and (vi) in vitro laboratory mechanical tests of the harvested scaffolds. The results of microCT imagery and 3-point mechanical bend testing demonstrate that PIII-SLS-PEK is a promising biomaterial for the manufacturing of scaffold implants to enhance the bone-scaffold contact and bone ingrowth in porous scaffold implants. MicroCT images of the harvested implant and surrounding bone tissue showed encouraging new bone growth at the scaffold-bone interface and inside the porous network of the lattice structure of the SLS-PEK scaffolds.

Unveiling the role of congruity in service robot design and deployment

Purpose This paper aims to examine the congruency effects of physically embodied robots in service encounters, which addressed a significant research gap concerning the synthesis of robot design elements (e.g., appearance and voice) and their service purposes. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in congruity theory and human-robot interaction literature, this study conducted a pretest and two experimental studies revealing the need to view robot design holistically and recognizing the pivotal role of congruity in shaping consumers’ service robot adoption. The moderating role of service purposes (utilitarian vs hedonic) was also investigated in terms of robot design and consumer reactions. Findings Consumers generally tend to favor robots with congruent designs, particularly for utilitarian service purposes. The serial mediation through perceived congruence and perceived intelligence explains such a favorite tendency. Practical implications This study advances service robot design research by highlighting the critical role of congruity in enhancing consumer engagement. It supports the use of comprehensive, congruent designs for services with utilitarian purposes and recommends adaptable designs for hedonic settings. Originality/value This study addressed the research gap by examining service robot design from a holistic perspective. The research findings highlight the importance of congruency effects in service robot design and deployment and provide valuable insights and guidelines to industry practitioners for optimal investment in service robots.

Structural Performance of Bolted Lateral Connections in Steel Beams under Bending Using the Component-Based Finite Element Method

Structures must provide strength, stability, and stiffness to buildings and at the same time be efficient. This study addressed the effect of design elements and parameters on the strength of bolted lateral connections in steel beams under bending using the component-based finite element method. The variables evaluated were plate thickness, horizontal and vertical spacing between bolts, and geometric arrangement of bolts. Finite element software was used to evaluate the stress state of the junction plate, its plastic deformation, and bolt shear. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine which bolt arrangements result in safer and more efficient designs using the same components. Stress distribution within the junction plate and plastic deformation values were used to evaluate the structural performance of the joints according to EuroCode 3. The results showed that placing bolts near the edge of a plate affected the bolts’ utilization, especially with thinner plates. Additionally, introducing an offset between central and outer bolt rows is not recommended as it worsened the stress distribution and the structural performance.

Bioethanol burner operating parameters optimization: Effects of burner opening area modulation on heat output and flue gas composition

Bioethanol burners are significantly expanding devices in Europe, still considered preferably as the design element while its possible importance in the energy system of the household used to be neglected. The aim of this study was to determine the operating techno-environmental parameters as the heat output and the flue gas composition of the bioethanol fireplace with vortex flame. The measurement methodology was based on actual valid standard EN 16647 Fireplaces for Liquid Fuel. In general, three ethanol-based fuels were tested in combination with one bioethanol burner equipped with different regulation rings changing burner opening area. The average reached heat energy output ranged between 3.97 and 2.22 kW with maximal burner opening area (without the usage of regulation rings) for different fuels. By usage of the regulation rings, the heat energy output was reduced to 35 – 40 % of the nominal average heat output. Simultaneously the time of the burning of one fuel dose can be increased by regulation ring usage up to 195 % of the combustion time without the regulation ring. By placing the regulation rings on the burner bowl opening area, the flue gas composition was affected positively in terms of CO and negatively in terms of NOx.

A short recent review on geothermal energy piles

This manuscripts presents a short recent review of geothermal energy piles, emphasizing their problems, design elements, heat transfer fluids, and classification. Phase change materials (PCMs) are used as heat transfer fluids, and their beneficial effects on energy pile performance are highlighted. Design factors for the best energy pile performance are examined, including the usage of nanofluids and geometrical optimization. The analysis presented provides brief insightful information about the state of geothermal energy piles heaps now, laying the groundwork for future studies and advancements in this area.

Historical examples and modern application of the "Chinese style" in the art of British interior design

"Chinese style" is a new form of combining Chinese and Western styles, formed on the basis of Western decorative art after a large number of Chinese exported works of art were imported to Europe in the XVII—XVIII centuries. The article takes the famous British country estate of the XVIII century as a starting point, and combines the relevant elements of interior decoration to analyze the influence of Chinese design on British decorative patterns and decorative techniques. "Chinese Style" is an innovative combination of Chinese and Western art based on Western decorative techniques.The article also analyzes the influence of the Chinoiserie style as a new art form combining traditional Chinese elements with Western forms on British decorative methods, with an emphasis on a specific study of this phenomenon.The purpose of the author of this study is to study and familiarize readers and the scientific community with the development and application of the "Chinese style" in British decorative methods of interior design. To achieve this goal, the author uses comparative historical, historical and cultural methods, iconographic method of description, as well as stylistic analysis, analyzes historical sources: historical documents, images, artifacts and literature. The research methodology includes a comprehensive approach to the study of the historical context and its impact on the formation of the British interiors. An empirical generalization of the material allows us to conclude about the significance of the above research and the influence of the "Chinese style" on modern decorative methods of interior design and design in Britain. The novelty of the research lies in the application of a combination of methods, analysis of historical forms to study this topic, which has been little studied in the segment of Russian historical science, which allowed us to obtain results that can arouse increased interest in the formation of the British interior among specialists. The author emphasizes the importance of the ability of design masters and architects to combine elements of Italian and British design to create a unique interior. The author's special contribution lies in the analysis of historical materials, practical examples of the successful application of the "Chinese style" in British interiors, which makes this article a valuable study for designers and lovers of interior art.